NRP1 AS A POTENTIAL MOLECULAR TARGET FOR MEDULOBLASTOMA / NRP1 COMO POTENCIAL ALVO MOLECULAR PARA MEDULOBLASTOMA

Introdução : O meduloblastoma é um tumor maligno, altamente agressivo e de rápido crescimento que surge no cerebelo ou no assoalho do quarto ventrículo e tronco encefálico, principalmente em crianças. Mesmo com os avanços na terapia, a morbidade e a mortalidade continuam sendo um grande desafio. Portanto, novos tratamentos são necessários para reduzir esses resultados. Objetivo : Revisar a relação NRP1 (neuropilina 1) e meduloblastoma como potencial alvo terapêutico e, também, com sobrevida global. Method: This is a narrative review carried out in the PubMed and Scielo databases. The search used the following keywords: "neuropilins, medulloblastoma, brain tumors, pediatrics". The inclusion criteria were review articles, experimental studies, pre-clinical and clinical research, in English and Portuguese, and available in full text. The selected articles were analyzed based on the technologies covered, future perspectives and challenges mentioned, diseases mentioned and the central idea of the article. Result: 30 articles were included. Conclusion: Medulloblastomas have high transcriptional levels of neuropilin (NRP1) and their low levels are related to lower overall survival, especially in SHH. In this sense, NRP1 and its complex action system appear as a potential target for oncological therapies for brain tumors.

Introdução : Meduloblastoma é um tumor maligno, altamente agressivo e de rápido crescimento que surge no cerebelo ou no assoalho do quarto ventrículo e tronco cerebral, especialmente em crianças. Mesmo com os avanços na terapia, a morbimortalidade permanece um grande desafio. Por isso, novos tratamentos são necessários para reduzir esses estágios. Objetivo : Revisar a relação NRP1 (neuropilina 1) e meduloblastoma como potencial alvo terapêutico e, também, com sobrevida global. Método : Trata-se de revisão narrativa realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e Scielo. A busca utilizou as seguintes palavras-chave: " neuropilinas, meduloblastoma, tumores malignos, pediatria ". Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos de revisão, estudos experimentais, pesquisas pré-clínicas e clínicas, em inglês e português, e disponíveis em texto completo. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados ​​com base nas tecnologias abordadas, perspectivas futuras e desafios conceituais, doenças referidas e ideia central do artigo. Resultado : Foram incluídos 30 artigos Conclusão : Os meduloblastomas possuem altos níveis transcricionais de neuropilina (NRP1) e seus baixos níveis relacionados com a menor sobrevida global, especialmente nos SHH. Nesse sentido, o NRP1 e seu complexo sistema de atuação aparecem como alvo potencial de terapias oncológicas para tumores específicos.

THE ROLE OF OBESITY (AND WEIGHT LOSS THROUGH BARIATRIC SURGERY) IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES / O PAPEL DA OBESIDADE (E DA PERDA DE PESO PELA CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA) NAS DOENÇAS AUTOIMUNES

Introdução : A obesidade tem sido associada ao aparecimento ou agravamento de doenças autoimunes. Objetivo : Rever a presença de autoanticorpos em pacientes obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e verificar a possível alteração deste perfil após o procedimento cirúrgico. Método : Revisão narrativa da literatura realizada no PubMed e Scielo. A busca utilizou as palavras-chave: " obesidade, autoimunidade, fator antinuclear, cirurgia bariátrica ". Os critérios de inclusão compreenderam artigos de revisão, estudos experimentais, pesquisas pré-clínicas e clínicas, escritos em português e inglês e disponíveis em texto completo. Resultado : foram incluídos 63 artigos. Conclusão : Existe alta prevalência de FAN positivo na população obesa e candidata à cirurgia bariátrica, que diminui consideravelmente no pós-operatório. O mesmo não pode ser verificado com fator reumatoide, anticorpos ENA e anti-ds DNA, anticorpos IgG e IgM anticardiolipina e anticorpos antiendomísio. Nenhuma variável clínica ou antropométrica pôde ser associada à presença de autoanticorpos, exceto os níveis de vitamina D, que foram significativamente mais baixos nos indivíduos pré-operatórios e ANA-positivos.

Introdução : A obesidade tem sido associada ao aparecimento ou piora de doenças autoimunes. Objetivo : Revisar a presença de autoanticorpos em obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica e verificar a possível alteração deste perfil após o procedimento cirúrgico. Método : Revisão narrativa da literatura efetuada no PubMed e Scielo. A busca utilizou as palavras-chave: " obesidade, autoimunidade, fator antinuclear, cirurgia bariátrica" . Os critérios de inclusão compreenderam artigos de revisão, estudos experimentais, pesquisas pré-clínicas e clínicas, escritos em português e inglês e disponíveis em texto completo. Resultado : Foram incluídos 63 artigos. Conclusão : Existe alta prevalência de FAN positiva na população obesa e candidata à cirurgia bariátrica que diminui consideravelmente no pós-operatório. O mesmo não pode ser verificado com o fator reumatóide, anticorpos do perfil ENA e anti-ds DNA, anticorpos anticardiolipina IgG e IgM, e anticorpos anti-endomísio. Nenhuma variável clínica ou antropométrica pôde estar ligada à presença de autoanticorpos, salvo níveis de vitamina D que foram significativamente menores nos indivíduos no pré-operatório e FAN positivos.

IS ENDOSCOPIC THERAPY SAFE AND EFFICIENT IN THE TREATMENT OF LESIONS LOCATED IN THE RECTUM? / A TERAPÊUTICA ENDOSCÓPICA É SEGURA E EFICIENTE NO TRATAMENTO DE LESÕES LOCALIZADAS NO RETO?

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignant neoplasms worldwide and the pre-malignant lesions that lead to its appearance are polyps in their various types. As a minimally invasive method, endoscopic resection emerges as the preferred method for focused lesions. Objective: To carry out a review verifying whether endoscopic therapy is safe and efficient in the treatment of lesions located in the rectum. Method: Narrative review collecting information published on virtual platforms (SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus). Initially, a search was carried out for descriptors related to the topic, which were identified through DeCS/MeSH, namely: "colorectal cancer, adenoma, mucosectomy, dysplasia, polyp" with AND or OR search, considering the title and/or abstract. Afterwards, only those that were most similar were chosen, and the works were read in full. Results: 41 articles were evaluated. Conclusion: With the evolution of concepts and technological improvements, there is an increasing possibility of diagnosing non-polypoid or superficial lesions (superficially elevated, flat or depressed) and laterally spreading or laterally growing lesions or tumors (LST). ) that, by definition, have a diameter greater than 10 mm. Mucosectomy may be indicated for minimally invasive treatment or prevention in cases that have not yet advanced and can be cured endoscopically.

Introdução: O câncer colorretal está entre as neoplasias malignas mais comuns em todo mundo e as lesões pré-malignas que levam ao seu surgimento são os pólipos em seus variados tipos. Como forma minimamente invasiva a ressecção endoscópica desponta como método preferencial nas lesões focadas. Objetivo: Efetuar revisão verificando se a terapêutica endoscópica é segura e eficiente no tratamento de lesões localizadas no reto. Método: Revisão narrativa colhendo informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais (SciELO, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus). Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores relacionados ao tema, os quais foram identificados por meio do DeCS/MeSH, a saber: "câncer colorretal, adenoma, mucosectomia, displasia, pólipo" e seus equivalentes em inglês "colorectal cancer, adenoma, mucosectomy, dysplasia, polyp" com busca AND ou OR, considerando o título e/ou resumo. Após, foram escolhidos somente os que tinham maior similitude, e realizada a leitura na íntegra dos trabalhos. Resultados: Foram avaliados 41 artigos. Conclusão: Com a evolução dos conceitos e com a melhora tecnológica, há possibilidade de diagnosticar cada vez maior lesões não-polipoides ou superficiais (superficialmente elevadas, planas ou deprimidas) e as lesões ou tumores de espraiamento ou crescimento lateral (LST, Laterally Spreading Tumor) que por definição apresentem diâmetro maior que 10 mm. A mucosectomia pode ser indicada para o tratamento minimanente invasivo ou prevenção nos casos ainda não avançados e que possam ser curados endoscopicamente.

EFFECTIVENESS OF AGA, FUKUOKA AND EUROPEAN GUIDELINES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INCIDENTALOMAS OF THE PANCREAS ANALYZED PRIOR TO PERFORMING ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND WITH FINE NEEDLE PUNCTURE / EFICÁCIA DAS DIRETRIZES AGA, FUKUOKA E EUROPÉIA NO MANUSEIO DOS INCIDENTALOMAS MUCINOSOS DO PÂNCREAS ANALISADAS PREVIAMENTE À REALIZAÇÃO DA ULTRASSONOGRAFIA ENDOSCÓPICA COM PUNÇÃO POR AGULHA FINA

Introduction: International consensus guidelines are commonly used to identify patients at high risk of developing cancer or with cancer. Its applicability, however, is based on investigation through imaging tests, however without histological confirmation. Objective: To compare the performance and results of international guidelines in incidental mucinous neoplasia after diagnosis obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle puncture (EUS-PAF). Methods: Single-center study with prospective collection of data from asymptomatic patients with the disease who underwent EUS-PAF. Appropriate cohort selection included images that were ambiguous regarding this diagnosis or the presence and/or development of other worrisome features as defined by international guidelines. After microhistological analysis of the material obtained, each of the guideline criteria was applied to identify cancer among patients with the disease. Results: 251 patients had the diagnosis confirmed by EUS-PAF or surgical procedure. The majority were asymptomatic. The final diagnosis revealed 27.8% (n=39) with malignant disease or high-risk signs. After applying the AGA-2015, IAP-2017 and DE-2018 criteria, it was observed that those detected incidentally were referred for surgery unnecessarily. These guidelines did not identify malignant and high-risk disease in 59%, 33.3% and 46.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The European DE-2018 proved to be more accurate for use in patients with asymptomatic incidental mucinous neoplasia after the diagnosis obtained by EUS-PAF.

Introdução: Consensos internacionais, são diretrizes comumente usadas para identificar pacientes com alto risco de desenvolver câncer ou com câncer. Sua aplicabilidade, entretanto, baseia-se na investigação por exames de imagem, contudo sem confirmação histológica. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho e os resultados das diretrizes internacionais em neoplasia mucinosa incidental após diagnóstico obtido pela punção com agulha fina guiada por ultrassom endoscópico (USE-PAF). Métodos: Estudo unicêntrico com coleta prospectiva de dados de pacientes assintomáticos com a doença submetidos a USE-PAF. A seleção apropriada da coorte incluiu imagens ambíguas quanto a esse diagnóstico ou a presença e/ou desenvolvimento de outras características preocupantes, conforme definido pelas diretrizes internacionais. Após análise microhistológica do material obtido, cada um dos critérios das diretrizes foi aplicado para identificar câncer entre os pacientes com a doença. Resultados: 251 pacientes tiveram o diagnóstico confirmado pela USE-PAF ou procedimento cirúrgico. A maioria era assintomática. O diagnóstico final revelou 27,8% (n=39) com doença maligna ou sinais de alto risco.. Após aplicação dos critérios AGA-2015, IAP-2017 e DE-2018, observou-se que os detectados incidentalmente foram encaminhados para cirurgia desnecessariamente. Essas diretrizes não identificaram doença maligna e de alto risco em 59%, 33,3% e 46,1%, respectivamente às diretrizes. Conclusão: A DE-2018 europeia mostrou-se mais precisa para ser utilizada em pacientes com neoplasia mucinosa incidental assintomática após o diagnóstico obtido pela USE-PAF.

IS THERE AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AFFECTIVE TEMPERAMENT AND MORBID OBESITY IN CANDIDATES FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY? / EXISTE ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE TEMPERAMENTO AFETIVO E OBESIDADE MÓRBIDA EM CANDIDATOS À CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA?

Introduction: Numerous studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between obesity and psychiatric diseases, especially mood disorders. However, few have evaluated the correlation between morbid obesity and affective temperament. Objective: To study the existence of affective temperament in morbidly obese individuals before surgical treatment of obesity. Methods: The material for reading and analysis was selected from research on virtual platforms focusing on affective temperaments (hyperthymia, dysthymia and cyclothymia). A search was carried out for descriptors related to the topic ("temperament, morbid obesity, bariatric surgery, mood disorders" and their equivalents in English with AND or OR search), considering the title and/or abstract, and then reading the work in full. Results: The most common psychiatric comorbidities in overweight and obesity were mood, anxiety and binge eating disorders. The estimated prevalence of affective temperaments in morbidly obese people is about 65%. Conclusion: The prevalence of affective temperaments is higher in morbidly obese people, candidates for bariatric surgery, compared to the general population. Cyclothymic temperament is the most common in the morbidly obese patient population.

Introdução: Inúmeros estudos têm demonstrado forte relação entre obesidade e doenças psiquiátricas, especialmente doenças do humor. Contudo, poucos avaliaram a correlação entre obesidade mórbida e temperamento afetivo. Objetivo: Estudar a existência de temperamento afetivo em obesos mórbidos antes do tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade. Métodos: O material para leitura e análise foi selecionado a partir de pesquisa em plataformas virtuais com foco nos temperamentos afetivos (hipertimia, distimia e ciclotimia). Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores relacionados ao tema (temperamento, obesidade mórbida, cirurgia bariátrica, transtornos do humor" e seus equivalentes em inglês com busca AND ou OR), considerando o título e/ou resumo, e a seguir a leitura do trabalho na íntegra. Resultados: As comorbidades psiquiátricas mais frequentes no sobrepeso e obesidade foram os transtornos do humor, de ansiedade e da compulsão alimentar. A prevalência estimada de temperamentos afetivos em obesos mórbidos é cerca de 65%. Conclusão: A prevalência de temperamentos afetivos é maior em obesos mórbidos, candidatos a cirurgia bariátrica, em comparação a população geral. O temperamento ciclotímico é o mais comum na população de pacientes com obesidade mórbida.

Cirurgia bariátrica e a pandemia do novo coronavírus: análise comparativa do impacto em procedimentos do sus e de convênio / Bariatric surgery and the new coronavirus pandemic: comparative analysis of the impact on sus and agreement procedures

Introdução: O tratamento da obesidade envolve diversas abordagens multidisciplinares, incluindo a intervenção cirúrgica. A pandemia de COVID-19 impactou o acesso a ela gerando dificuldades em sua retomada e acentuando as disparidades entre o sistema público e privado. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto da pandemia na cirurgia bariátrica realizada pelo SUS e por convênios médicos no Brasil. Métodos: Os dados foram coletados utilizando as bases de dados TABNET do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH), do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), e o Painel de dados do TISS da Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS), no período de 2015 a 2021 e foi realizada uma análise quantitativa descritiva, calculando-se a média das informações. Além disso, foram realizadas estimativas estatísticas utilizando regressão linear no software SPSS, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Foi identificada correlação significativa e direta entre o aumento do número de procedimentos realizados pelo SUS e o aumento médio de procedimentos ao longo dos anos, enquanto no sistema de convênios não houve correlação significativa. Durante a pandemia, houve queda expressiva no volume cirúrgico em ambos os sistemas, com o sistema público sendo mais afetado. A retomada do volume cirúrgico ainda não alcançou os níveis anteriores à pandemia no sistema público, enquanto o sistema privado apresentou aumento significativo. Conclusão: A pandemia do COVID-19 teve impacto significativo na capacidade do setor público e privado em realizar operações bariátricas no Brasil. Os resultados evidenciam diferenças regionais e socioeconômicas na realização desses procedimentos.

Introduction: The treatment of obesity involves several multidisciplinary approaches, including surgical intervention. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted access to it, creating difficulties in its resumption and accentuating the disparities between the public and private system. Objective: To analyze the impact of the pandemic on bariatric surgery performed by SUS and medical insurance in Brazil. Methods: Data were collected using the TABNET databases of the Hospital Information System (SIH), of the Unified Health System (SUS), and the TISS data panel of the National Supplementary Health Agency (ANS), in the period of 2015 to 2021 and a descriptive quantitative analysis was performed, calculating the average of the information. In addition, statistical estimates were performed using linear regression in SPSS software, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: A significant and direct correlation was identified between the increase in the number of procedures performed by the SUS and the average increase in procedures over the years, while in the health insurance system there was no significant correlation. During the pandemic, there was a significant drop in surgical volume in both systems, with the public system being more affected. The resumption of surgical volume has not yet reached pre-pandemic levels in the public system, while the private system showed a significant increase. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the ability of the public and private sector to perform bariatric surgeries in Brazil. The results show regional and socioeconomic differences in the performance of these procedures.

Existe associação entre temperamento afetivo e obesidade mórbida em candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica? / Is there an association between affective temperament and morbid obesity in candidates for bariatric surgery?

Introdução: Inúmeros estudos têm demonstrado forte relação entre obesidade e doenças psiquiátricas, especialmente doenças do humor. Contudo, poucos avaliaram a correlação entre obesidade mórbida e temperamento afetivo. Objetivo: Estudar a existência de temperamento afetivo em obesos mórbidos antes do tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade. Métodos: O material para leitura e análise foi selecionado a partir de pesquisa em plataformas virtuais com foco nos temperamentos afetivos (hipertimia, distimia e ciclotimia). Inicialmente foi realizada busca por descritores relacionados ao tema (temperamento, obesidade mórbida, cirurgia bariátrica, transtornos do humor" e seus equivalentes em inglês com busca AND ou OR), considerando o título e/ou resumo, e a seguir a leitura do trabalho na íntegra. Resultados: As comorbidades psiquiátricas mais frequentes no sobrepeso e obesidade foram os transtornos do humor, de ansiedade e da compulsão alimentar. A prevalência estimada de temperamentos afetivos em obesos mórbidos é cerca de 65% Conclusão: A prevalência de temperamentos afetivos é maior em obesos mórbidos, candidatos a cirurgia bariátrica, em comparação a população geral. O temperamento ciclotímico é o mais comum na população de pacientes com obesidade mórbida.

Introduction: Numerous studies have demonstrated a strong relationship between obesity and psychiatric diseases, especially mood disorders. However, few have evaluated the correlation between morbid obesity and affective temperament. Objective: To study the existence of affective temperament in morbidly obese individuals before surgical treatment of obesity. Methods: The material for reading and analysis was selected from research on virtual platforms focusing on affective temperaments (hyperthymia, dysthymia and cyclothymia). A search was carried out for descriptors related to the topic ("temperament, morbid obesity, bariatric surgery, mood disorders" and their equivalents in English with AND or OR search), considering the title and/or abstract, and then reading the work in full. Results: The most common psychiatric comorbidities in overweight and obesity were mood, anxiety and binge eating disorders. The estimated prevalence of affective temperaments in morbidly obese people is about 65%. Conclusion: The prevalence of affective temperaments is higher in morbidly obese people, candidates for bariatric surgery, compared to the general population. Cyclothymic temperament is the most common in the morbidly obese patient population.

O impacto da suplementação proteica na manutenção de massa magra em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia bariátrica / The impact of protein supplementation on the maintenance of lean mass in patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Introdução: A obesidade é doença crônica que tem se tornado preocupação em saúde pública global. A cirurgia bariátrica é opção de tratamento eficaz para a obesidade mórbida, proporcionando a perda de peso e a melhora da qualidade de vida. No entanto, a perda de massa magra pós-operatória é preocupação importante. Objetivo: Estudo retrospectivo sobre o impacto da suplementação proteica com whey protein na perda de massa magra em pacientes submetidos ao bypass gástrico. Método: Pacientes de 18-60 anos sem complicações foram acompanhados por pelo menos 6 meses e divididos em 2 grupos: um que recebeu suplementação proteica com whey protein (Grupo A, n=19) e outro de controle que não recebeu suplementação (Grupo B, n=13). Os dados demográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e laboratoriais foram coletados e avaliação dos pacientes sobre qualidade de vida antes e depois da operação. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 38 anos. A perda média de massa magra foi de 34,67 kg. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na perda de massa magra ou total entre os grupos (p=0,121 e p=0,072, respectivamente). A qualidade de vida média antes foi de 3,06 pontos e após a operação de 8,13 pontos. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na qualidade de vida entre os grupos (p=0,018). O grupo que recebeu suplementação apresentou média de adesão às orientações dietéticas de 8,06 pontos, enquanto aquele sem com média de 6,14 pontos (p=0,045). Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que a suplementação proteica não teve efeito significativo na perda de massa magra. No entanto, ela melhorou a adesão dos pacientes às orientações dietéticas pós-cirúrgicas e não afetou a qualidade de vida.

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease that has become a global public health concern. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option for morbid obesity, providing weight loss and improved quality of life. However, postoperative lean mass loss is an important concern. Objective: Retrospective study on the impact of protein supplementation with whey protein on the loss of lean body mass in patients undergoing gastric bypass. Method: Patients aged 18-60 years without complications were followed up for at two years and divided into 2 groups: one received protein supplementation with whey protein (Group A, n=19) and another, control group, that did not receive supplementation (Group B , n=13). Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory data were collected and patients' assessment of quality of life before and after the operation. Results: The mean age was 38 years. The average loss of lean mass was 34.67 kg. There was no statistically significant difference in lean or total mass loss between groups (p=0.121 and p=0.072, respectively). The average quality of life before was 3.06 points and after the operation, 8.13 points. There was a statistically significant difference in quality of life between groups (p=0.018). The group that received supplementation had an average adherence to dietary guidelines of 8.06 points, while the one without an average of 6.14 points (p=0.045). Conclusion: The results indicated that protein supplementation had no significant effect on lean mass loss. However, improved patients' adherence to post-surgical dietary guidelines and did not affect quality of life.

Qual é a influência da microbiota na obesidade e em seu quadro inflamatório? / What is the influence of microbiota on obesity and its inflammatory involvement?

A obesidade tem causa multifatorial que atinge atualmente mais da metade da população brasileira. Mais recentemente, a microbiota intestinal foi considerada um fator que contribui para essa condição. Os objetivos deste estudo foram revisar a influência da microbiota intestinal na obesidade e no processo inflamatório, e analisar os efeitos da utilização dos pré e probióticos. Foi realizada revisão sistemática sobre o assunto. Dos mais de 27.000 artigos, apenas 16 respeitaram os critérios de inclusão. Em conclusão, o desequilíbrio da microbiota aparece como fator favorável ao desenvolvimento da obesidade e do quadro inflamatório decorrente dela. Tanto o uso de prebióticos quanto probióticos são recursos válidos no tratamento da obesidade, porém os primeiros parecem proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida.

Obesity has a multifactorial etiological condition that involves more than half of the Brazilian population. More recently, the intestinal microbiota was considered a factor that contributes to this condition. The aims of this study were to review the intestinal microbiota influence in the obesity and in the inflammatory response, and to analyze the effects of using prebiotic and probiotic medications. A systematic review was firstly done. More than 27,000 articles were found, but only 16 contained the proper criteria. In conclusion, the microbiota imbalance seems to increase the obesity development and its inflammatory aspects. Both the use of pre and probiotics are good options in the obesity treatment, though the first ones seem to enhance bettere quality of life.

WHAT IS THE INFLUENCE OF MICROBIOTA ON OBESITY AND ITS INFLAMMATORY INVOLVEMENT? / QUAL É A INFLUÊNCIA DA MICROBIOTA NA OBESIDADE E EM SEU QUADRO INFLAMATÓRIO?

Obesity has a multifactorial etiological condition that involves more than half of the Brazilian population. More recently, the intestinal microbiota was considered a factor that contributes to this condition. The aims of this study were to review the intestinal microbiota influence in the obesity and in the inflammatory response, and to analyze the effects of using prebiotic and probiotic medications. A systematic review was firstly done. More than 27,000 articles were found, but only 16 contained the proper criteria. In conclusion, the microbiota imbalance seems to increase the obesity development and its inflammatory aspects. Both the use of pre and probiotics are good options in the obesity treatment, though the first ones seem to enhance bettere quality of life.

A obesidade tem causa multifatorial que atinge atualmente mais da metade da população brasileira. Mais recentemente, a microbiota intestinal foi considerada um fator que contribui para essa condição. Os objetivos deste estudo foram revisar a influência da microbiota intestinal na obesidade e no processo inflamatório, e analisar os efeitos da utilização dos pré e probióticos. Foi realizada revisão sistemática sobre o assunto. Dos mais de 27.000 artigos, apenas 16 respeitaram os critérios de inclusão. Em conclusão, o desequilíbrio da microbiota aparece como fator favorável ao desenvolvimento da obesidade e do quadro inflamatório decorrente dela. Tanto o uso de prebióticos quanto probióticos são recursos válidos no tratamento da obesidade, porém os primeiros parecem proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida.

IS THERE A CORRELATION BETWEEN PLACENTAL LEPTIN AND MATERNAL GESTATIONAL FACTORS WITH ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA OF THE NEWBORN? / HÁ CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE LEPTINA PLACENTÁRIA E FATORES MATERNOS GESTACIONAIS COM DADOS ANTROPOMÉTRICOS DO RECÉM-NASCIDO?

Introduction: Leptin in maternal/fetal compartments, and its mechanisms, are being elucidated. Hormonal factors, genetic predisposition, chromosomal formation, environmental conditions, infections and the use of toxic substances may be related to negative outcomes in pregnancy, the fetus and the neonate. Objective: To analyze the correlation of placental leptin with maternal gestational factors and anthropometric data on the newborn. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive, uncontrolled study. The sample consisted of 103 parturients and their respective newborns (NB). They were arranged according to the presented gestational risk factors and usual risk factors, and later, blood was collected from the placental fragments, for the serum leptin dosage. Gestational age, weight, height, BMI and head circumference were evaluated. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in leptin distribution below or above 0.1 in mothers with and without gestational risk factors. However, there was a trend in those with diabetes and obesity. Regarding the assessment of the presence and absence of maternal gestational factors between them and the level of placental leptin, only the obesity factor was significant. When the association between NB characteristics and leptin values was evaluated, no significant difference was observed; however, when related to gender, there was twice as much in females. In the assessment between weight/GA with placental leptin, there was no difference, but it was superior in big for gestational age NBs. Conclusion: Placental leptin was correlated with maternal gestational obesity risk, but without correlation with NB anthropometric data.

Introdução: lLeptina nos compartimentos materno/fetais, e seus mecanismos, estão sendo elucidados. Fatores hormonais, predisposição genética, formação cromossômica, condições ambientais, infecções e a utilização de substâncias tóxicas podem estar relacionadas a desfechos negativos na gestação, no feto e no neonato. Objetivo: Analisar a correlação da leptina placentária com fatores maternos gestacionais e dados antropométricos do recém-nascido. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, não controlado. A amostra constou de 103 parturientes e seus respectivos recém-nascidos (RN). As parturientes foram dispostas conforme os fatores de risco gestacionais apresentados e fatores de risco habituais, e posteriormente coletado sangue dos fragmentos placentários, para a dosagem sérica da leptina. Foram avaliados a idade gestacional, peso, estatura, IMC e perímetro cefálico. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na distribuição da leptina inferior ou superior a 0,1 em mães com e sem os fatores de risco gestacionais. No entanto verificou-se tendência naquelas com diabete e obesidade. Quanto à avaliação da presença e ausência de fatores maternos gestacionais entre si e o nível de leptina placentária, apenas o fator obesidade foi significante. Quando avaliada a associação entre as características do RN e os valores de leptina não foi observada diferença significativa; no entanto, houve quando relacionada ao gênero, o dobro no sexo feminino. Na avaliação entre peso/IG com leptina placentária não houve diferença, porém foi superior em RN's grande para a idade gestacional. Conclusão: A leptina placentária apresentou correlação com o risco materno gestacional de obesidade, mas sem correlação com a antropometria do RN.

INDICATION OF THE JOINT MOBILIZATION TECHNIQUE AFTER BILIRUBIN VERSUS LEPTIN ANALYSIS IN PTNB SUBMITTED TO PHOTOTHERAPY / INDICAÇÃO DA TÉCNICA DE MOBILIZAÇÃO ARTICULAR APÓS ANÁLISE DA BILIRRUBINA VS. LEPTINA EM RECÉM NATOS PRÉ-TERMO SUBMETIDOS À FOTOTERAPIA

Introduction: The limits for the viability of survival in preterm births have increased. Complications inherent to the immaturity of the systems lead to metabolic alterations. Physical activity programs have been applied in neonatal ICUs, seeking improvement in bone mineralization, weight gain and increase in leptin levels. Objectives: To analyze the serum levels of leptin and bilirubin in premature infants exposed to phototherapy, in order to establish a safe practice of joint mobilization. Method: Analytical, longitudinal, prospective cohort study with a sample composed of 108 parturients and their respective PTNBs arranged in 2 groups: control group 28 NBs and study group 23 NBs. The variables studied were: weight, gestational age, BMI, sex, serum levels of leptin in the placenta, serum levels of bilirubin, reticulocytes, 12 h, 24 h and rebound leptin, nutrition, body mass index. Results: Regarding weight, gestational age, BMI and sex, the sample was homogeneous. Regarding the concentration of leptin in the placenta and in the 12 h NB, there were no statistically significant differences. When the leptin concentrations were analyzed at the different evaluation moments of the study group, a statistically 3 significant difference (p<0.001) was found between all moments. Comparing assessment 2 to 2 of the study group, a statistically significant difference was found between placentas at all times. There was a trend of difference between 24 h with phototherapy and rebound, the same observed in the control group. There was no difference in leptin distributions in relation to placental time and 12 h between groups. Comparing each group with a leptin value lower than 0.1 the placental time and 12 h showed difference. There was a difference between 24 h with phototherapy and rebound. As for reticulocytes, there was a tendency to decrease in relation to the beginning/rebound (p<0.004). There was no correlation between leptin/bilirubin, leptin/reticulocytes, onset of nutrition and BMI/leptin. Conclusion: Phototherapy does not increase serum leptin levels in PTNBs, making joint mobilization a safe practice in this group.

Introdução: Os limites para a viabilidade de sobrevida em nascimentos prematuros têm aumentado. As complicações inerentes à imaturidade dos sistemas acarreta alterações metabólicas. Programas de atividade física têm sido aplicados em UTIs neonatais, buscando melhora na mineralização óssea, ganho de peso e aumento dos níveis de leptina. Objetivos: Analisar os níveis séricos de leptina e bilirrubina em prematuros expostos à fototerapia, a fim de estabelecer prática segura de mobilização articular. Método: Estudo analítico, longitudinal, prospectivo do tipo coorte com amostra composta por 108 parturientes e seus respectivos RNPT dispostos em 2 grupos: grupo controle 28RNs e grupo estudo 23RNs. As variáveis estudadas foram: peso, idade gestacional, IMC, sexo, dosagem sérica de leptina na placenta, dosagem sérica de bilirrubina, reticulócitos, leptina de 12 h, 24 h e rebote,nutrição, índice de massa corporal. Resultados: Quanto ao peso, idade gestacional, IMC e sexo, houve homogeneidade da amostra. Quanto à concentração de leptina na placenta e no RN 12 h não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Quando analisadas as concentrações de leptina nos diferentes momentos de avaliação do grupo estudo, encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) entre todos os momentos. Comparando avaliação 2 a 2 do grupo estudo, encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre placenta em todos os momentos. Verificou-se tendência de diferença entre 24 h com fototerapia e rebote, o mesmo observado no grupo controle. Não houve diferença nas distribuições da leptina em relação ao momento placenta e 12 h entre os grupos. Comparando cada grupo com o valor de leptina inferior a 0,1 o momento placenta e 12 h apresentaram diferença. Houve diferença entre 24 h com fototerapia e rebote. Quanto aos reticulócitos ocorreu tendência à diminuição em relação ao início/rebote (p<0,004). Não houve correlação entre leptina/bilirrubina, leptina/reticulócitos, início da nutrição e IMC/leptina. Conclusão: A fototerapia não aumenta níveis séricos de leptina em RNPT, tornando a mobilização articular prática segura neste grupo.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CYCLIN D1 BIOMARKER IN PAPILLIFEROUS THYROID CARCINOMAS AND MULTINODULAR GOITERS / ANÁLISE IMUNOISTOQUÍMICA DO BIOMARCADOR CICLINA D1 NOS CARCINOMAS PAPILÍFEROS DE TIREOIDE E BÓCIOS MULTINODULARES

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) are the most prevalent and least aggressive thyroid carcinomas. In some cases, the diagnosis is doubtfull and the prognosis is poor. The search for tissue biomarkers that make it possible to ensure both the diagnosis for indeterminate cases and the prognosis, identifying the most aggressive cases, has been studied in recent decades. Objective: To analyze the molecular marker cyclin D1 in PTC and multinodular goiter (BMN) and to verify the correlation of the marking with the clinical-pathological characteristics in carcinomas. Methods: 118 tissues from adult patients submitted to PTC thyroidectomy and 40 BMN were selected as a control group. Tissue immunostaining was performed with cyclin D1 with subsequent immunohistochemical analysis in both groups, evaluating the expression of the marker (intensity and distribution). In the PTC group, immunostaining data were also crossed with clinical and pathological data. Results: The majority (93.3%) expressed the staining of cyclin D1 with varying intensities (weak, moderate 3 and strong) and predominantly diffuse distribution (71.2%). The BMN control group expressed staining for cyclin D1 in 57.5%, with weak intensity (47.5%) and sparse distribution (37.5%). The difference between the groups (study and control) was statistically significant (p<0.001). In the CPT group, the clinical-pathological crossings did not show differences regarding age, sex, tumor type and size, lymph node status, focus, angiolymphatic invasion. Conclusion: Cyclin D1 was expressed in the vast majority of PTC with the predominant diffuse distribution. There was no correlation between the expression of cyclin D1 and any clinical-pathological characteristic of PTC.

Racional - Os carcinomas papilíferos são os mais prevalentes e menos agressivos de tireoide (CPT). Em alguns casos, o diagnóstico é duvidoso e o prognóstico ruim. A busca de biomarcadores teciduais que permitam assegurar tanto o diagnóstico para casos indeterminados, quanto o prognóstico, identificando os casos de maior agressividade, têm sido estudadas nas últimas décadas. Objetivo: Analisar a ciclina D1 nos CPT e nos bócios multinodulares (BMN) e verificar a correlação da marcação com as características clinicopatológicas. Métodos: Foram selecionados 118 tecidos de pacientes adultos submetidos àa tireoidectomia por CPT e 40 BMN como grupo controle. Realizou-se imunocoloração tecidual com ciclina D1 com subsequente análise imunoistoquímica em ambos grupos, avaliando-se a expressão do marcador (intensidade e distribuição). No grupo dos CPT os dados da imunocoloração foram também cruzados com os dados clinicopatológicos. Resultados: A maioria (93,3%) expressou a coloração da ciclina D1 com intensidades variadas (fraca, moderada e forte) e distribuição predominantemente difusa (71,2%). O grupo controle dos BMN, expressou coloração para ciclina D1 em 57,5%, com intensidade fraca (47,5%) e distribuição esparsa (37,5%). A diferença entre os grupos (estudo e controle) foi estatisticamente significante (p<0,001). No grupo dos CPT, os cruzamentos clinicopatológicos não evidenciaram diferenças quanto à idade, sexo, tipo e tamanho tumoral, estado linfonodal, focalidade e invasão angiolinfática. Conclusão: A ciclina D1 foi expressa na grande maioria dos CPT sendo a distribuição difusa predominante. Não houve correlação entre a expressão delacom qualquer característica clinicopatológica dos CPT.

TGF-ß1 and CD68 immunoexpression in capsules formed by textured implants with and without mesh coverage: a study on female rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate fibrosis formation and number of macrophages in capsules formed around textured implants without and with mesh coverage. METHODS: Fibrosis was analyzed through transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) immunomarker expression and the number of macrophages through CD68 percentage of cells in magnified field. Sixty female Wistar rats were distributed into two groups of 30 rats (unmeshed and meshed). Each group was then subdivided into two subgroups for postoperative evaluation after 30 and 90 days. The p value was adjusted by Bonferroni lower than 0.012. RESULTS: No difference was observed in fibrosis between meshed and unmeshed groups (30 days p = 0.436; 90 days p = 0.079) and from 30 to 90 days in the unmeshed group (p = 0.426). The meshed group showed higher fibrosis on the 90th day (p = 0.001). The number of macrophages was similar between groups without and with mesh coverage (30 days p = 0.218; 90 days p = 0.044), and similar between subgroups 30 and 90 days (unmeshed p = 0.085; meshed p = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS: In the meshed group, fibrosis formation was higher at 90 days and the mesh-covered implants produced capsules similar to microtextured ones when analyzing macrophages. Due to these characteristics, mesh coating did not seem to significantly affect the local fibrosis formation.

HELICAL COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY CAN MEASURE SUBCUTANEOUS, VISCERAL AND TOTAL FAT AREAS?

BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity or android obesity, that is, the increase in adipose tissue in the abdominal region, is considered a risk factor for several morbidities. Different ways of quantifying it have been proposed, one method is the measurement of the abdominal fat area by computed tomography. AIM: To establish correspondence between the groups defined by degree of obesity in relation to the total, subcutaneous and visceral fat area. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study carried out through the analysis of tomographic examinations. Horos v3.3.5 medical image visualization software was used, with abdominal tomography in a single cut including the L4 vertebral body and the umbilical scar, to obtain the areas of total, visceral and subcutaneous fat. RESULTS: Of the 40 patients, 10 had grade II obesity, 23 grade III and 7 superobese. The amount of total fat showed an increase in relation to the degree of obesity. Visceral fat did not show significant differences between the degrees of obesity, but the data showed a lower average in the group of obesity grade II. The area of subcutaneous fat, as well as total fat, showed an increase in its measurements, according to the progression of the patients' BMI, but there was no statistical significance in this difference between the groups of grade II and super-obese individuals. CONCLUSION: The area of total and subcutaneous fat showed an increase in its measurements according to the progression of the BMI groups, which did not happen with visceral fat.

SHORTEN PREOPERATIVE FASTING AND INTRODUCING EARLY EATING ASSISTANCE IN RECOVERY AFTER GASTROJEJUNAL BYPASS?

RATIONAL: The metabolic response to surgical trauma is enhanced by prolonged preoperative fasting, contributing to increased insulin resistance. This manifestation is more intense on the 1st and 2nd postoperative days and is directly proportional to the size of the operation. AIM: To compare whether preoperative fasting abbreviation and early postoperative refeeding associated with intraoperative and postoperative fluid restriction interfere in the evolution of patients undergoing gastrojejunal bypass. METHODS: Eighty patients indicated for Roux-en-Y gastrojejunal bypass were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups: Ringer Lactate (RL) group, who underwent a 6 hours solids fasting, with the administration of 50 g of maltodextrin in 100 ml of mineral water 2 hours before the beginning of anesthesia; and Physiologic Solution (PS) group, who underwent a 12 hours solids and liquids fasting. Anesthesia was standardized for both groups. During the surgical procedure, 1500 ml of ringer lactate solution was administered in the RL and 2500 ml of physiological solution (0.9% sodium chloride) in the PS. In both groups, the occurrence of bronchoaspiration was analyzed during intubation, and the residual gastric volume was measured after opening the abdominal cavity. In the postoperative period in Group RL, patients started a liquid diet 24 hours after the end of the operative procedure; whilst for PS group, fasting was maintained for the first 24 hours, it was prescripted 2000 ml of physiological solution and a restricted liquid diet after 36 hours. Each patient underwent CPK, insulin, sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, PaCO2, pH and bicarbonate dosage in the immediate postoperative period, and 48 hours later, the exams were repeated. RESULTS: There were no episodes of bronchoaspiration and gastrojejunal fistulas in either group. In the analysis of the residual gastric volume of the PS and RL groups, the mean volumes were respectively 16.5 and 8.8, which shows statistical significance between the groups. In laboratory tests, there was no difference between groups in sodium; PS group showed a higher level of serum potassium (p=0.029); whilst RL group showed a higher urea and creatinine values; CPK values were even for both; PS group demonstrated a higher insulin level; pH was higher in PS group; sodium bicarbonate showed a significant difference at all times; PaCO2 values in RL group was higher than in PS. In the analysis of the incidence of nausea and flatus, no statistical significance was observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The abbreviation of preoperative fasting and early postoperative refeeding of Roux-en-Y gastrojejunal bypass with the application of ERAS or ACERTO Project accelerated the patient's recovery, reducing residual gastric volume and insulin level, and do not predispose to complications.

IS THE WAIST/HEIGHT RATIO A BETTER PARAMETER THAN BMI IN DETERMINING THE CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK PROFILE OF OBESE PEOPLE?

BACKGROUND: The increased prevalence of obesity has led to a significant increase in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome, a recognized risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Hyperglycemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension are its main components. Since 2015, international guidelines have recognized the benefits of bariatric surgery in each isolated factor of this syndrome. AIM: To evaluate the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in this syndrome comparing pre- and postoperative periods with laboratory analysis and to compare waist/height ratio and BMI in relation to the determination of the cardiometabolic risk profile. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out, selecting 80 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D, vitamin B12, waist circumference and waist/height ratio in three periods were analyzed: the preoperative period from 1 to 6 months, postoperative from 1 to 6 months and postoperative from 1 to 2 years. RESULTS: There was an improvement in all parameters of the clinical analyses. The preoperative BMI had a mean value of 39.8, in the preoperative period from 1 to 6 months, the values ​​dropped to 33.2 and in the postoperative period of 1 year, the mean was 26. The perimeter mean values ​​of 118.5 preoperatively, 105.2 postoperatively from 1 to 6 months and 90.3 postoperatively from 1 to 2 years. Waist/height ratio was 0.73, 0.65 and 0.56 in pre, post 1 to 6 months and 1 to 2 years respectively. CONCLUSION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass improves metabolic syndrome and waist-to-height ratio is superior to BMI in the assessment of the cardiometabolic risk profile.

TGF-ß1 and CD68 immunoexpression in capsules formed by textured implants with and without mesh coverage: a study on female rats

Purpose: To evaluate fibrosis formation and number of macrophages in capsules formed around textured implants without and with mesh coverage. Methods: Fibrosis was analyzed through transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) immunomarker expression and the number of macrophages through CD68 percentage of cells in magnified field. Sixty female Wistar rats were distributed into two groups of 30 rats (unmeshed and meshed). Each group was then subdivided into two subgroups for postoperative evaluation after 30 and 90 days. The p value was adjusted by Bonferroni lower than 0.012. Results: No difference was observed in fibrosis between meshed and unmeshed groups (30 days p = 0.436; 90 days p = 0.079) and from 30 to 90 days in the unmeshed group (p = 0.426). The meshed group showed higher fibrosis on the 90th day (p = 0.001). The number of macrophages was similar between groups without and with mesh coverage (30 days p = 0.218; 90 days p = 0.044), and similar between subgroups 30 and 90 days (unmeshed p = 0.085; meshed p = 0.059). Conclusions: In the meshed group, fibrosis formation was higher at 90 days and the mesh-covered implants produced capsules similar to microtextured ones when analyzing macrophages. Due to these characteristics, mesh coating did not seem to significantly affect the local fibrosis formation.

Histological evaluation of capsules formed by texturized silicone implants with and without polyester mesh coverage (Parietex®). A study on female rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate capsules formed by microtextured silicone implants with and without Parietex® mesh coverage histologically. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were divided in two groups (meshed and unmeshed). Each group was, then, divided into two subgroups for evaluation at 30 and 90 days. Capsules were analyzed based on hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and picrosirius staining. RESULTS: The number of fibroblasts, neutrophils and macrophages was similar among all subgroups. There was a higher lymphocyte reaction in the 30-day meshed group (p = 0.003). Giant cell reaction, granulation tissue and neoangiogenesis were similar among the subgroups. Synovial metaplasia was milder at 90-day in the unmeshed (p = 0.002) and meshed group (p < 0.001). Capsular thickness was significantly greater in the meshed samples (30-day p < 0.001 and 90-day p < 0.001). There was a similar amount of collagen types I and III in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The mesh-covered implants produced capsules similar to the microtextured ones when analyzing inflammatory variables. Synovial metaplasia was milder at 90 than at 30 days, and the capsular thickness was significantly greater in the meshed group. A similar amount of collagen types I and III was observed. Due to these characteristics, the mesh coverage did not seem to significantly affect the local inflammatory activity.

BAR, SOFT AND DRI POST-HEPATIC TRANSPLANTATION: WHAT IS THE BEST FOR SURVIVAL ANALYSIS?

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with terminal liver disease. The Balance of Risk Score (BAR), Survival Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation (SOFT) and Donor Risk Index (DRI) scores are predictive systems for post-transplant survival. AIM: To evaluate the most accurate score and the best cutoff point for each predictor in the brazilian population. METHOD: Retrospective cross-sectional study of 177 patients. Data on the recipient, donor and transplant were analyzed and the prognostic scores BAR, SOFT and DRI were calculated for each transplant. To determine the BAR and SOFT cutoff points associated with death in three months, ROC curves were adjusted. Results : The best cutoff point for BAR was 9 points with an area under the ROC curve=0.69 and for SOFT it was 12 points with an area under the ROC curve=0.73. The DRI score did not discriminate survival (p = 0.139). CONCLUSION: The SOFT score proved to be better than BAR for survival analysis post-hepatic transplantation and the DRI was not effective.